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What to use instead of orange peel

It depends entirely on what it's doing in the dish. Here's the job, what else does it, and what to skip.

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Oils expressed over a finished drink

Squeezing the peel sprays a fine mist of citrus oil onto the surface, and you smell that before the first sip, which is the entire job of a twist.

Lemon peelRan out
1 strip per orange strip
Sharper and more floral, and it cuts sweetness instead of rounding it, so an old fashioned reads brighter and less rich.
Grapefruit peelRan out
1 strip per orange strip
More bitter and resinous, which suits anything with amaro or bitters in it. Loud enough to bury a delicate drink.
Mandarin or clementine peelRan out
2 strips per orange strip
Softer and sweeter perfume with less bitterness. The peel is thin and tears, so cut wider strips than you would from an orange.
Orange bittersRan out
2 dashes per twist
Lands in the liquid rather than above it, so you taste orange instead of smelling it. Adds bitterness the twist would not have.
What doesn't work: Dried orange peel from the spice jar dropped into the glass. The volatile oil evaporated during drying, so there is nothing to express, and after a few minutes it just leaches tannin and makes the drink taste like cold tea.

Dried peel simmered into a stew or braise

Dried peel holds bitterness and heavier aromatics that survive an hour in the pot, which is why bouillabaisse and Chinese braises call for it dried rather than fresh.

Fresh peel in wide strips, added lateRan out
2 strips added in the last 20 min per 1 tsp dried peel
Brighter and more floral with none of the bitter backbone. Added early it goes flat, so timing is the whole trick.
Dried tangerine peel, chenpiRan out
Match by weight
Deeper and slightly medicinal, closer to a Cantonese braise. It holds up to two hours of simmering without turning harsh.
Dried lemon peelRan out
Match by weight
Sharper and more resinous, and it can taste of furniture polish in a long braise. Better in a 30 minute pot than a three hour one.
What doesn't work: Orange juice stirred in instead. Juice is sugar and acid with no peel oil at all, so it sweetens the broth, none of the perfume turns up, and enough of it will split a rouille when the two are combined.
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